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Contents — Volume 8
A Dialogue with the Great Philosophical Schools · 207 headings · 309 pages
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Introduction to the Eighth Volume
p. 4
CHAPTER TWELVE — A Dialogue with the Great Philosophical Schools
p. 6
Kant’s Imperative, Blind to Merit: The Two Natures and the Trust
p. 6
The Seven Interactive Dimensions as the Balance of the Moral Act
p. 8
Kant’s Three Formulations and Their Reliance on Logical Form
p. 9
The False Promise: Where Formal Universalisation Falls Short
p. 9
The Murderer at the Door: Weighing Parties of Differing Merit
p. 11
Duty, Inclination and the Justice of the Distance of Effort
p. 12
Autonomy and Dignity: Self-Legislation or the Trust Received by Leave
p. 13
Radical Evil and the Two Natures on the Balance of Equilibration
p. 14
Revolution of Disposition: Kant’s Dilemma and Retroactive Exchange
p. 16
The Highest Good: Postulates to Bridge a Gap, or Laws Witnessed
p. 17
Kant’s Severe Retribution and Punishment That Recedes to Treatment
p. 18
Perpetual Peace and Social Peace as a Sanctum for All Humanity
p. 19
The Beautiful and the Sublime: Beauty as a Passage to Abstraction
p. 20
The Thing in Itself: The Kantian Wall and the Rising Ceilings
p. 22
Kantianism Weighed: A Formal Edifice Too Narrow for Merit
p. 24
The Outcome of the Dialogue with Kantian Deontology
p. 25
Bentham, Mill and Pleasure: The Two Natures Beyond a Flat Calculus
p. 26
Bentham and Mill: Utility Built on Flat, Quantitative Pleasure
p. 27
Turning Means into Ends on the Interactive Balance
p. 28
Sacrificing One to Save Five: The Failure of the Calculus of Quantity
p. 29
The Pleasure Machine: Testing Sensation Against Merit
p. 30
Aggregate Utility and the Real Differences Between Selves
p. 31
Mill’s Harm Principle and a Liberty Bounded by the Guarded Sanctum
p. 32
Justice and Rights in Mill, and the Distinct Accounts of the One Self
p. 33
The Circle of Moral Concern: From Suffering to the Cosmic Wombs
p. 34
Mill’s Utility of Religion, Sidgwick’s Dualism and the Balance of Truth
p. 36
Utilitarianism in the Interactive Balance: The Poverty of One Measure
p. 37
Utilitarianism and Its Limits: A Summing-Up
p. 38
Aristotle’s Mean without the Cosmic Laws: Two Natures, Many Lives
p. 39
Virtue: The Self in Harmony with Its Nature, the Two Natures in Balance
p. 40
The Aristotelian Mean and the Point of Balance between Excess and Deficiency
p. 41
Aristotelian Habituation and the Imprint Accumulating across Lives
p. 43
Why Phronēsis Falls Short of the Seven Interactive Dimensions
p. 44
Aristotelian Happiness, and the Trust as the Axis of the Moral Act
p. 45
Proportional Justice in Book Five, and Equity Extended across Lives
p. 47
Aristotelian Friendship and Affection as the Resonance of Imprints
p. 48
Aristotle’s Unmoved Mover: Solitary Contemplation or a Lord Who Answers
p. 49
Aristotle’s Natural Slave, and the Dignity of All in the Balance of Vicegerency
p. 50
Aristotelian Virtue and the Sevenfold Balance: A Summing-Up
p. 51
Christian Ethics: Transcendent Values in Ecclesial Captivity
p. 53
The Incarnation, Weighed by the Transcendence of the Absolute
p. 54
The Trinity and the Absolute’s Unity beyond Plurality of Persons
p. 55
The Doctrine of Atonement by the Cross, and the Law of Individual Merit
p. 56
Original Sin and the Mediating Priest: Equity versus Ecclesial Procedure
p. 58
Grace and Works: From Augustine and Pelagius to Bounty and Striving
p. 60
Monasticism and Celibacy: Annihilating or Calibrating the Two Natures
p. 61
What Is Caesar’s and What Is God’s: Ethics Severed from Law
p. 62
Absolute Love and Abstract Equity, Weighed by the Accounts of the Parties
p. 63
Heaven and the Fire: A Concretised Place, or a Recompense That Heals
p. 65
The Messiah, the Other Adam: The Complete Spirit Who Foreshortens Time
p. 66
The Exemplar’s Lordship by Leave and the Denial of Divinity
p. 68
Summary of the Inquiry
p. 70
Jewish Ethics and Material Concretion: The Mosaic Message on the Ladder of Revelation
p. 72
The Anthropomorphisation of God and the Corporealism of a National Yahweh
p. 73
The Chosen People, and the Merit That Follows the Deed, Not the Race
p. 75
The Covenant (Berit): One People’s Compact or a Universal, Individual One
p. 76
Eye for Eye, Tooth for Tooth: Justice Measured by Material Quantity
p. 77
Purely Worldly Recompense: A Balance Closed to the Five Levels of Time
p. 78
The Detailed Material Law: The Outward Act and the Inner Dimension
p. 79
The Goat for Azazel and the Day of Atonement: Transferring Sins or Changing Rhythm
p. 81
The Transcendentalist Path of Maimonides in Rational Jewish Philosophy
p. 82
The Social Justice of the Prophets and the Awaited Messiah: Abstraction or Kingship
p. 83
Jewish Ethics in the Balance of the Meritorial Dimension
p. 84
Original Mosaism: The Transcendence of Its Values and the Density of the Tradition
p. 85
Salafī Ethics: A Literalist Concretion Shared by the Three Religions
p. 86
Corporealism in the Revealed Attributes: Ibn Taymiyya, Rabbis, Fundamentalists
p. 88
Literalism against Interpretation: The Atharīs, Peshaṭ and Sola Scriptura
p. 89
Literal Ḥudūd and Quantitative Retribution in the Three Salafisms
p. 91
Excommunication, Exclusion and the Communal Ban in the Three Salafisms
p. 92
Loyalty and Disavowal, and Kindness towards the Peaceable Dissenter
p. 93
The War on Shrines: A True Aim, and Concretion Fought with Concretion
p. 94
Sanctified Forebears, Closed Ijtihād: A Living Tradition Frozen
p. 95
Swollen Bodily Jurisprudence and the Absence of Inner Purification
p. 97
Haredism and Salafism in Daily Life, and Possible Channels of Transmission
p. 98
The Theological Salafisms: One Way of Thinking across Four Schools
p. 101
The Ashʿarīs and Māturīdīs: Divinity in the Prison of Verbal Interpretation
p. 102
The Muʿtazila: Attributes Identical with the Essence
p. 104
The Createdness of the Qurʾān: A Stifling Dichotomy, a Descending Spirit
p. 105
The Grave Sinner: Threat, Deferral, and the Balance of Envelope and Repair
p. 107
Grace and the Optimum: Obligation on the Absolute, or Laws of His Names
p. 109
Twelver Shīʿism: Transcendence Inverted into Concretion in the Imam
p. 111
The Hidden Imam and the Awaited Mahdī: Time Severed from the Balance
p. 112
The Marjaʿiyya: A Priestly Extension Cut Off from the Cosmic Laws
p. 113
Denying Infallibility to Every Created Being, Prophets Included
p. 115
The Harvest of the Theological Salafisms in a Single Measure
p. 117
Peripatetic Ethics and the Reduction of the Absolute to Separate Intellects
p. 118
Avicenna’s Necessary Existent: The Absolute Reduced to a Logical Category
p. 119
The Aristotelian Unmoved Mover and God’s Withdrawal after the First Impulse
p. 121
The Eternity of the World: Peripatetic Necessity or Emergence from Latency
p. 123
Emanation and the Ten Separate Intellects: A Cosmos by Logical Necessity
p. 125
Providence and Evil as Privation: Accidental Decree or the Design of Trial
p. 127
Peripatetic Intellectual Happiness and Conjunction with the Active Intellect
p. 128
Avicenna’s Floating Man, the Soul’s Immortality and Bodily Resurrection
p. 129
Al-Fārābī’s Virtuous City and the Recasting of Prophecy as an Intellectual Rank
p. 131
Against the Peripatetics: The Agency of the Absolute and the Command “Be”
p. 132
Suhrawardī’s Illuminationist Ethics: Intuitive Light, Existence Reduced to Lights
p. 134
The Hierarchy of the Victorial Lights and the Gradation of the Reality of Light
p. 136
Suhrawardī’s Order of Lights beside Luminous Deceleration and the Lordship Matrix
p. 137
Luminous Deceleration and Degrees of Intensity in Explaining Density and Darkness
p. 137
Where the Illuminationist System Needs Amending, and How Far
p. 138
Suhrawardī’s Knowledge by Presence: A Sound Principle without a Measure of Reception
p. 139
Where the Ethics of Taste Leads: An Elitism Cut Off from Ordinary People
p. 140
The World of Suspended Images: Intermediate Worlds without Operative Laws
p. 142
The Threefold Cognitive-Perceptual System, Not a Duality of Light and Darkness
p. 143
The Meritorial Dimension Settles What Illuminationist Taste Could Not
p. 145
The Trust Turns on the Human Being, Not on Suhrawardī’s Sage-Theosopher
p. 146
The Sufi Ethics of al-Ghazālī: Purifying the Self and Diminishing the Heart’s Intellection
p. 147
Ghazālian and Cartesian Doubt, the Probabilistic Method, and Building Certainty
p. 149
When Sufi Purification Disables the Heart of the Self
p. 152
Al-Ghazālī’s Stations of the Wayfarers and the Drift into Brokenness
p. 153
Causality in the Incoherence: Power Guarded, the Laws Undermined
p. 155
Against Reducing Intellection to Solitary Sufi Tasting
p. 156
The Knowing Heart Is Not al-Ghazālī’s Heart of Tasting
p. 158
Dissolve Obligation in Sufi Annihilation and the Equation of Merit Collapses
p. 160
Ethics Turns on Interaction, Not on Unveiling in Solitary Retreat
p. 161
Ibn ʿArabī’s Akbarian Ethics: Witnessing Unity, Erasing the Difference
p. 164
The Oneness of Being: Self-Disclosure Witnessed or Difference Dissolved
p. 165
The Fixed Entities: Pre-Eternal Preparedness against the Will
p. 168
The Akbarian Perfect Human and the Perfect Human Who Bears the Trust
p. 169
The Muhammadan Reality: Ontological Priority or Earned Election
p. 170
The Seal of Sainthood Weighed against the Fallibility of Every Creature
p. 171
A Heart Capable of Every Form, and the Loss of the Balance of Recitation
p. 172
Mercy Outstrips Wrath: Akbarian Witnessing and the Fate of the Damned
p. 173
Taking On the Names: Akbarian Realisation or Vicegerent Activation
p. 174
A Witnessing to Keep, a Balance to Restore
p. 175
Confucian Ethics: Sanctified Hierarchy at the Expense of Will and Choice
p. 176
When Confucianism Makes the Five Relationships the Essence of Virtue
p. 178
Human Nature in Mencius and Xunzi, and the Balance of the Two Natures
p. 179
Collective Alignment Shrinks the Human Being to Rules of Obedience
p. 180
Separating Divinity from Lordship to Undo the Tyranny of Hierarchy
p. 182
Will and the Meritorial Dimension against Collective Custom
p. 184
The Negative Golden Rule (Shu): From Refraining from Harm to Equity
p. 186
Without the Denial of Infallibility, Priestcraft Joins Ancestor Worship
p. 187
Openness to the Trust against the Closure of the Confucian Family
p. 188
Buddhist Ethics: Nirvāṇa against the Ascent through the Five Times
p. 190
The Buddha’s Illusory Ego and the Three Selves of Threefold Perception
p. 192
Nāgārjuna’s Śūnyatā: Illusory Solidity, or an Emptiness without a Source
p. 194
Without a Responsible Self, the Equation of the Trust Vanishes
p. 195
The Eightfold Path in the Balance of the Seven Interactive Dimensions
p. 196
Buddhist Karma, the Meritorial Dimension and the Inherited Imprint
p. 199
The Six Realms of Rebirth and Dependent Origination in Saṃsāric Time
p. 200
Lives in Stratified and Successional Time in Place of Saṃsāra
p. 202
Summoning Ancestors and Transferring Merit: The Meritorial Dimension
p. 204
Conscious, Responsible Vicegerency Rises above Buddhist Annihilation
p. 207
Hegel’s Dialectical Ethics and the Deification of the State: The Phenomenology and the Philosophy of History
p. 209
The Master–Slave Dialectic and the Struggle for Recognition
p. 211
The Clay and Fiery Natures: Agency and Development through the Ages
p. 212
When the Unruly Fiery Nature Takes Control, It Drags Humanity to Ruin
p. 214
Hegel Moves Dialectic outside Man and Deifies History and the State
p. 216
The Cunning of Reason: Indirect Volition Glimpsed, History’s Guile Deified
p. 217
Hegel’s Deified State, Undone by Separating Divinity from Lordship
p. 218
The Individual: An Accountable Self That Will Not Dissolve into the Whole
p. 219
Marxist Ethics and the Economic Base: Historical Materialism
p. 221
Moral Value Precedes Material Value and Exceeds It
p. 223
When the Accountable Self Is Reduced to Mere Labour Power
p. 225
The Treasure of Sūrat al-Kahf: Merit beyond the Economic Structure
p. 226
From Each, to Each: Marx’s Maxim Weighed by Capacity and Merit
p. 227
The Seven Interactive Dimensions: Value beyond Material Labour
p. 229
Responsible Individual Vicegerency, Not a Deified Communist Society
p. 230
Nietzsche’s Will to Power: The Fuʾād Stirred, the Heart of the Self Lost
p. 232
The Fiery Fuʾād, Counterpart of the Will to Power, Needs the Higher Self
p. 234
The Fuʾād Unbound from the Heart of the Self: The Will to Power in Ruin
p. 236
Refusal and Self-Magnification: Neutral Traits That Depend on Their Use
p. 238
Nietzsche’s Perspectivism and the Unequal Ceilings of Knowledge
p. 240
The Übermensch and the Human Being’s Place in the Ascent of Vicegerency
p. 241
Nietzsche’s Cry, the Collapse of the Inherited God, and Nihilism Overcome
p. 243
Disciplining the Will to Power
p. 245
Sartre’s Existentialism: Absurd Freedom, Cut Off from the Balance of Merit
p. 247
Existence Precedes Essence, Weighed against Primordial Nature and Covenant
p. 249
Latency Rereads Sartrean Nothingness
p. 249
Freedom Severed from the Balance of Merit Sinks into Endless Absurdity
p. 251
The Evaluative Dimension Denies the Absurdity of Existence
p. 253
Choosing for All Humanity, Weighed in the Balance of Inheritance
p. 255
Sartre’s Bad Faith Read as the Licence of the Fiery Fuʾād
p. 257
Sartrean Commitment between the Void and the Interactive Dimensions
p. 258
American Pragmatism: Truth Reduced to the Standard of Concrete Success
p. 259
Truth Goes beyond What Is Useful and Succeeds Materially
p. 260
James’s Will to Believe: Preponderant Conjecture and the Touchstone
p. 262
The Imprint’s Collapse When the Measure Becomes Passing Concrete Benefit
p. 263
The Concrete–Abstract Gap in Perception: Root of the Pragmatist Problem
p. 264
Peirce’s Community of Inquirers: Accumulating Discovery or Making Truth?
p. 266
Burning Away Ill-Gotten Gains Undermines the Logic of American Utility
p. 268
Excellence, the Willing Surrender of One’s Right, against Pragmatism
p. 270
Comtean Positivism: Metaphysics Banished, and the Three Stages of History
p. 272
The Law of Three Stages: Rising Ceilings Recorded, Phases Wrongly Opposed
p. 273
Metaphysics as an Existential Origin beyond Positivist Exclusion
p. 275
Reducing Knowledge to the Senses and Disabling the Heart of the Higher Self
p. 276
Faith in the Unseen, Assent to the Witnessed: Two Inseparable Structures
p. 278
Positivism and the Keys of the Unseen That God Has Kept for Himself
p. 279
The Religion of Humanity: Deifying Humanity at the Expense of Transcendence
p. 280
Humanising the Machine: Towards the Model of the Messiah, Not Self-Worship
p. 282
Comte’s Coinage of Altruism: A Noble Value without an Account to Preserve It
p. 283
Contemporary Feminist Ethics: Women’s Due and the Dismantling of Twinship
p. 284
Gilligan’s Ethics of Care in the Balance of the Cosmic Wombs
p. 285
Gender: Changing Social Construction or Created Pairing?
p. 287
Marriage and Motherhood: Patriarchal Burden or Spiritual Twinship?
p. 288
Arithmetical Equality and the Abstract Balance of the Meritorial Dimension
p. 288
Crenshaw’s Intersectionality: Towards an Individual Balance, Stopped Short
p. 289
Specialised Election: The Model of Mary against the War of the Sexes
p. 290
The Verdict on Feminism: A Justice to Keep, a Conflict to Correct
p. 291
Jung’s Analytical Ethics: The Shadow and the Balance of Equilibration
p. 292
What Philosophers Suffered in Person, and the Standard of Criticism We Accept
p. 293
Episodes from the Philosophers’ Lives: Judgement before Understanding
p. 293
Judging What Has Not Been Read, Weighed in the Interactive Dimensions
p. 295
Our Position towards Our Critics, and Their Right to Refute Us
p. 296
